托福閱讀五類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的詞匯關(guān)系

托福閱讀詞匯題就是從具體的語(yǔ)境中理解詞匯。鑒于英語(yǔ)單詞的一詞多義,所以準(zhǔn)確理解某一個(gè)單詞的意思需要依據(jù)語(yǔ)境。這里的語(yǔ)境就是我們所要閱讀的文章的上下文。一般來(lái)說(shuō)通過(guò)上下文推斷或者猜測(cè)詞意,上下文中可以利用的信息為,例句,對(duì)比詞,同義詞,反義詞或者其他段落的解釋等。此外,文章中一些特定搭配關(guān)系也可以幫助我們找到正確的答案。托福閱讀詞匯題考的都是近義詞,題目常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)法如下：the word (or phrase) x is closest in meaning to ……, the word (or phrase) x could be best replaced by x。做這類(lèi)題目,判斷所考察詞匯在原句中與其周?chē)~匯的關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵,此外還要注意所考察詞匯的詞性。下面我們來(lái)看看常見(jiàn)的五種可以幫助我們迅速找到詞匯題答案的特殊關(guān)系。

托福閱讀五類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的詞匯關(guān)系：

1.并列關(guān)系：并列關(guān)系詞如下： and,not only ..but also,as…as,and,both … and,either… or neither… nor

例如:

she embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in wisconsin and soon began writing novels.

the phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to

a) took a trip to      b) started out on      c) improved upon     d) had a opinion about

回到原文看embarked on周?chē)脑~語(yǔ)和它在這個(gè)句子中的作用。在這句中關(guān)健詞 and 其后出現(xiàn)soon began告訴我們前后方向是一致的,前面也必然和began有關(guān),所以本題目的正解是b。

2. 直接反義關(guān)系—該詞前或后出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容提示我們是反義關(guān)系。 表示相反概念的詞語(yǔ)如下rather than,instead,unlike,contrast,on the contrary.

例如:

the main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard work and honor and  a son who repudiates his mother’s values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity

the word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __

a) refuses to accept       b) lives up to     c) tries to understand      d) makes the best of

假如repudiates我們不認(rèn)識(shí),從后面的小詞 instead 這個(gè)詞判定兒子和***價(jià)值觀念是相反的,由此信息看四個(gè)選項(xiàng),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)只有a選項(xiàng)帶有否定的意味

3.解釋關(guān)系:后面的句子或短詞,單詞來(lái)解釋前面的詞。常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞:contribute to,be responsible for,account for,since,therefore,for,because,in which等

例如:

his big break came with the novel so big(1924),which was awarded the pulitzer in literature.

the word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___

a) rupture b) revelation c) opportunity d) rest

which was awarded the pulitzer in literature告訴我們一定考查的是正態(tài)度,所以答案不可能是a） d）,所以應(yīng)該選 c） opportunity  是一種有利的狀態(tài)或合適的時(shí)機(jī)。

4. 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：看看賓語(yǔ)能否受動(dòng)詞支配,或從動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配去判定.

例如:the oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world’s pollutions. the brown haze that is poised over some of the world’s largest cities is properly called photochemical smog.

the word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__

a) interacting       b) sitting       c) blowing     d) poisoning

首先從搭配關(guān)系上可以排除 interacting,interact with 然后可以從上下文關(guān)系排除 blowing over 因?yàn)榇底吡司褪遣粫?huì)有smog.而poison考試中及物才有pollute的含義,不及物只有一種含義表示投毒。

5. 形容詞修飾名詞關(guān)系：

例如:　when the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (no2), which is a gas with a brownish hue.

the word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to

a）color    b）odor      c）thickness    d）smoke

對(duì)于本題你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有個(gè)小詞brownish 呈褐色的,首先從形容詞修飾名詞關(guān)系可以直接排除b odor  c thickness, 其次可以通過(guò) a gas with brownish hue前面的 gas 排除 d smoke,用詞重復(fù)。所以正確答案是a。