托福閱讀句子的插入題詳解

where would the sentence best fit?

文章中會出現(xiàn)四個黑色的方框,要求考生將所給句子插入這四個位置中合適的一個位置。在考試時,只要雙擊選定的黑色方框即可。這種題型重點考察考生對原文中的上下文語境和句子之間關(guān)系的把握。因此,解決這種題型的關(guān)鍵在于仔細閱讀待插入句子,從中提取能夠承上啟下的線索詞;然后,根據(jù)線索詞對上線文作出預測;最后,回到原文讀預測內(nèi)容,并根據(jù)原文本身句子間連接的緊密度進行排除即可。

掌握句子與句子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)方法是句子插入題的關(guān)鍵

1、形式上的關(guān)聯(lián)：主要為邏輯詞(因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進等)和指代詞;

2、語義上的關(guān)聯(lián)：重復的概念;

下面來看一道例題：whatdo you remember about your life before you were three? ■few people can remember anything that happened to them in their earlyyears.■adults memories of the next few years also tend to be scanty.■most people remember only a few events--usually ones that weremeaningful and distinctive,such as beinghospitalized or a sibling’ s birth. ■

look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can beadded to the passage.

other importantoccasions are school graduations and weddings.

where would the sentence best fit?

解析：仔細閱讀所給句子,從中提取線索詞;該句表示其它的重要事件包括畢業(yè)和結(jié)婚,句中主語other important occasions出現(xiàn)了other這個指示代詞,因此,我們可以預測前文一定出現(xiàn)過某些事件。接下來,我們回到原文中至少從第一個黑方框前一句話開始閱讀,在原文中尋找預測的內(nèi)容。在文章中的最后一句,說大多數(shù)人僅僅記得一些事件(a few events),即那些有意義的和獨特的,例如住院或者兄弟姐妹的出生。因此,other important occasions應(yīng)該放在a few events之后,所以待插入句子只能放在最后的位置。

在以上內(nèi)容中,我們了解了句子插入題(insert text questions)主要考察的是句子與句子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)方式,并且分析了一道例題。這一章,我們繼續(xù)來分析一道例題,然后再來研究一下這種題型的出題原理。

【例】extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■how was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans. ■very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■in 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.

look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

this is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.

where would the sentence best fit?

解析：在被插入句子中提到this is a question,說明前文一定有提到過某個問題;帶著這個預測信息回到原文中發(fā)現(xiàn),第一個黑方框后面即是一個疑問句：how was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged?(走路的哺乳動物和游泳的鯨魚之間的差異是如何過渡的?),所以把被插入句子放在第二個黑方框的位置,補充說明這個問題是一個困擾了科學家很多年的問題;因此正確答案為第二個黑方框。

根據(jù)上一章中的考點和兩道例題來看：首先,句子插入題只出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二道題的位置,在這道題之前我們已經(jīng)完成了至少10道題,而這道題需要我們插一句話到文章中;這就意味著這句話一定不能夠改變原文本來的內(nèi)容和意思;另外,我們可以猜測需要被插入的句子應(yīng)該是原文中本來存在的,而非出題者寫的;因此,這種原文本身存在的,去掉又不會影響原文意思的句子,一定是文章中不重要的句子。而什么樣的句子在文章中不重要呢?一般來說,或者承接前文繼續(xù)解釋說明,或者引出后文,或者承上啟下的過渡句。因此,句子插入題只需去找該句子和前后文的重復即可。

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