斯坦福大學生命科學類科研

斯坦福大學生命科學類科研

Stanford University Biology Science Research

科研時間：

6月1日--9月1日，每期時間長度為3—4周；

（針對假期只有3周的學生，可選3周實地+1周遠程，確?？蒲惺斋@）

科研主題：

端粒酶/衰老/癌癥/分子生物化學/細胞生物學（內(nèi)容涵蓋生物醫(yī)學研究最新進展：包括基因編輯、誘導性干細胞、控制細胞誘導分化，癌癥免疫療法，器官3D打印技術(shù)等； 實際操作項目包括基因表達載體的設(shè)計，構(gòu)建，運用生物信息學工具進行序列比對鑒定等）

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欲以申請美國常青藤名校生命科學、生物技術(shù)、生物信息、醫(yī)學統(tǒng)計、醫(yī)學數(shù)學等生物醫(yī)學類相關(guān)專業(yè)的本科生、研究生為主

科研簡介：

本次科研項目是基于斯坦福大學生物醫(yī)學類本校學生培養(yǎng)體系而精煉而來，旨在讓學生對現(xiàn)代生物醫(yī)學的概念和技術(shù)有一個全面而詳盡的了解，并對生物醫(yī)學研究的最前沿進展進行學習和討論，并能夠親手參與科研設(shè)計。在科研中學生有機會接觸到最新的生物醫(yī)學技術(shù)及其在現(xiàn)實生活中的應(yīng)用。

在科研完成后，學生將全面了解生物醫(yī)學研究的整體流程和框架，并對現(xiàn)代生物醫(yī)學技術(shù)有一個完整的認識，對學生以后選擇未來的專業(yè)和人生規(guī)劃提供幫助。

科研方向：

The long-term goal of our research is to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie synapse function during behavior in the developing and mature brain, and how synapse function is altered during mental retardation. In this broad research area, we are specifically interested in the molecular underpinnings of activity-dependent regulation of synaptic strength, the role of postsynaptic protein translation in plastic changes of synaptic activity, and the impairment of synapses in autism spectrum disorders (e.g. Fragile X syndrome) that involves changes in postsynaptic protein translation and synaptic strength.

Some of our current research focuses include:

Synaptic signaling mechanisms of RA - dissecting the molecular pathways for synaptic RA signaling, understanding the role of RA in the mature brain in mediating homeostatic and potentially other forms of synaptic plasticity, and exploring the function of RA in animal learning and behavior.

We recently discovered a role of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in regulating synapse formation and synaptic strength, which we identified during studies of homeostatic synaptic plasticity. We found that RA is a potent activator of synaptic strength in mature neurons. Neuronal synthesis of RA is regulated by activity. When neuronal activity is blocked, RA synthesis is strongly stimulated. When applied directly, RA is sufficient to rapidly increase synaptic strength. Moreover, when we blocked RA synthesis in neurons, we abolished the increase in synaptic strength induced by activity blockade. Taken together, these results reveal a central role of RA in mediating activity blockade-induced increases in synaptic strength, and suggest that in adult brain, RA functions as a novel diffusible messenger that regulates synaptic transmission.

How does the RA-dependent translational regulation intersect with other known mechanisms involved in dendritic protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity? We have recently found that the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein that regulates local protein translation in dendrites, is essential for increases in synaptic strength induced by RA or by neural activity blockade. Activity-dependent RA synthesis is maintained in Fmr1 knockout neurons, but RA-dependent activation of dendritic translation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors is impaired. Furthermore, we showed that the deficit in synaptic scaling in Fmr1 knockout neurons can be rescued by acute postsynaptic expression of FMRP, indicating that the role of FMRP is not developmental, but that it is part of the homeostatic synaptic machinery. Taken together, these findings identify an unexpected role for FMRP in regulating homeostatic synaptic plasticity downstream of RA. Our results raise the possibility that at least some of the symptoms of Fragile X syndrome, a form of mental retardation caused by loss of FMRP function, reflect impaired homeostatic plasticity and dysfunctional RA signaling, and suggest that modification of the RA-signaling pathway in homeostatic plasticity may be beneficial for treating this prevalent disorder.

科研亮點：

1. 進入美國名校實驗室/科研組，接觸尖端科學

為未來赴美深造做準備；科研經(jīng)歷是美國名校申請的基石，頂級名校的科研項目是對學生有能力完成名校學業(yè)最好的證明。

2. 師從導師開展實驗項目

高層次的人脈和校友關(guān)系，與學生為伍的人是諾貝爾獎獲得者、美國科學院院士、教授、名校博士、碩士，學生將體驗到世界最頂級學術(shù)專家們的思想和氣質(zhì)。

3. 獲得導師推薦信和科研證書

對于優(yōu)秀學生可以獲得名校導師的推薦信，大大助力未來的留學申請；

4. 全天候?qū)I(yè)英語環(huán)境，迅速提升專業(yè)水平

提升溝通和專業(yè)英語水平，提升專業(yè)知識和能力，用實踐使學生的理論知識更加具體形象。

5. 高含金量收獲助力未來留學深造及就業(yè)

在名校導師指導下的科研過程將幫助學生明確自身發(fā)展方向，不斷深化對于美國學界的了解與認同，幫助參與學生及家長明確未來的學校及專業(yè)申請方向；從而更好的明確留學的目的與意義，擺脫盲目，獲得真知。

科研收獲：

1.科研完成時，學生將會全面了解生命科學類基本知識和最新進展。

2.挑戰(zhàn)自身潛能，切身體會斯坦福大學頂尖科研環(huán)境，在嚴苛的訓練下快速成長。

3.極大拓寬視野，實地感受國內(nèi)外科研區(qū)別。通過此次科研，參與學生將會對留學名校有個清晰的認識，并依此做出最優(yōu)的人生規(guī)劃。

4.學生將有機會與頂尖教授零距離交流套磁，了解斯坦福的內(nèi)部申請信息。

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